The narrative revolves around Professor Testa, a gifted linguist at the university. He is presented by his superior, Sergeant Rossa, to the Allied Cryptanalysis Department where he is assigned the mission of deciphering the enemy's werewolves code used for encoding their radio communications. Despite being astonished that all the encrypted messages sound like howling wolves, Testa perseveres and eventually captures a live female werewolf named Yonaga to aid in his cryptanalysis efforts.
Luger Code 1951 began as a story idea that Haruto Haneki submitted for the Shounen Jump+ × Animax Anime Scenario Award contest (少年ジャンプ+×アニマックス アニメシナリオ大賞). The theme of the contest was "your original scenario in the image of Shounen Jump." The contest accepted unpublished entries that could be made into a short anime, 30 to 40 minutes in estimated length. Hanekis scenario won the Grand Prize, winning him 2 million yen, a manga adaptation on Shounen Jump+ and an anime adaptation. Akira Akatsuki, who was one of the judges in the competition, drew the manga.